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tokens by which

  • 1 γνώρισμα

    A that by which a thing is made known, mark, token, X.Cyr.2.1.27 (pl.), Arist.Phgn. 806a15, etc.;

    ἴχνη καὶ γ. Plu.2.855b

    : in pl., tokens by which a lost child is recognized, Men.Epit.86, Plu.Thes.4, etc.: also in sg., Parth.1.5.
    2 in criminal trials, corpus delicti, PMasp.143.16, al. (vi A. D.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γνώρισμα

  • 2 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 3 cobrar

    v.
    1 to charge (commerce) (money).
    nos cobra 700 euros de alquiler al mes she charges us 700 euros rent a month, we pay her 700 euros rent a month
    me cobró de más he overcharged me
    ¿me cobra? how much do I owe you? (al pagar)
    Ella cobra los martes She draws her pay every Tuesday.
    2 to earn, to be paid (un sueldo).
    cobra un millón al año she earns a million a year
    está cobrando el paro he's receiving unemployment benefit
    3 to take on, to acquire.
    cobrar fama to become famous
    4 to get paid.
    5 to collect, to recover, to retrieve.
    Ella cobra su sueldo los martes She collects her paycheck every Tuesday.
    6 to collect payment from, to ask for payment, to bill.
    Ella le cobra a María She collects payment from Mary.
    7 to gain, to take on, to get up, to pick up.
    Su auto cobró velocidad His car gained velocity.
    8 to cash in, to cash, to encash.
    Ricardo cobró su cheque Richard cashed in his check.
    9 to claim.
    Ella cobra una gran indemnización She claims a big compensation.
    * * *
    1 (fijar precio por) to charge; (cheques) to cash; (salario) to earn
    ■ ¿cuánto te ha cobrado? how much did he charge you?
    ■ ¿cuánto cobras? how much do you earn?
    2 (caza) to retrieve
    3 to get
    4 figurado (adquirir) to gain, get
    ■ le he cobrado cariño a ese lugar I've taken a liking to this place, I've grown fond of this place
    1 to be in for it
    1 (dinero) to take, collect
    ■ cóbrate el café can you take for the coffee?
    2 (víctimas) to claim
    3 (recuperar) to recover (de, from); (volver en sí) to come round
    \
    cobrarse venganza to take revenge
    * * *
    verb
    3) get, earn
    4) draw
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=pedir como pago) to charge

    ¿qué me va usted a cobrar? — what are you going to charge me?

    ¿cuánto os cobra de alquiler? — how much rent does she charge you?

    me han cobrado demasiado — they've charged me too much, they've overcharged me

    ¿me cobra, por favor? — how much do I owe you?, can I have the bill, please?

    ¿me cobra los cafés? — how much do I owe you for the coffees?

    2) (=recibir)

    no han cobrado el dinero prometido — they haven't been paid o received the money they were promised

    cobran un sueldo anual de nueve millones — they get o earn o receive an annual salary of nine million

    ¿cuánto cobras al año? — how much do you get o earn a year?

    cantidades a o por cobrar — amounts payable, amounts due

    cuentas a o por cobrar — accounts receivable

    3) (=recoger dinero de) [+ deuda, alquiler, impuesto] to collect; [+ cheque] to cash; [+ subsidio, pensión] to draw
    4) (=adquirir)

    • cobrar cariño a algn — to grow fond of sb

    • cobrar fama — to become famous

    cobrar fama de inteligente/ladrón — to acquire a reputation for being intelligent/a thief

    • cobrar vida — [personaje, juego] to come alive

    5) (=recuperar) [+ pieza de caza] to retrieve, fetch; [+ cuerda] to pull in, take in
    6) LAm
    2. VI
    1) (=recibir dinero)
    a) [como sueldo] to be paid

    el lechero vino a cobrar — the milkman came for his money, the milkman came to be paid

    los atletas cobran por participar en la carrera — the athletes get paid o receive a fee for taking part in the race

    b) [por servicio] to charge
    2) * (=recibir golpes)

    ¡vas a cobrar! — you're (in) for it!

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <precio/suma> to charge

    nos cobran 30.000 pesos de alquiler — they charge us o we pay 30,000 pesos in rent

    cobrar algo por algo/+ inf — to charge something for something/-ing

    b) < sueldo> to earn

    cobra 200.000 pesetas al mes — he earns 200,000 pesetas a month

    cobrar la pensión — to collect o draw one's pension

    2) < alquiler> to charge

    nos cobra un alquiler altísimo — he charges us o we pay him a very high rent

    ¿me cobra estas cervezas? — can I pay for these beers, please?

    3)
    a) < deuda> to recover
    b) < cheque> to cash
    4)
    a) (Chi) ( pedir)
    b) (Chi) <gol/falta> to give
    5)
    a) ( adquirir)
    b) ( tomar)
    6) ( en caza) ( matar) to shoot, bag
    7)
    a) (period) <vidas/víctimas> to claim
    b) < botín> to carry off
    c) (Náut) to haul in
    2.
    cobrar vi
    a)

    cobrar por algo/+ inf — to charge for something/-ing

    ¿me cobra, por favor? — can you take for this, please?, can I pay, please?

    llámame por cobrar — (Chi, Méx) call collect (AmE), reverse the charges (BrE)

    b) ( recibir el sueldo) to be paid
    c) (fam) ( recibir una paliza)
    3.
    cobrarse v pron

    tenga, cóbrese — here you are

    cóbrese las cervezas — can you take for the beers, please?

    2) < víctimas> to claim
    * * *
    = cash in, charge, exact + payment, levy + charge, debit.
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. Information providers pay a fee to British Telecom, and may then charge users for each frame that they consult.
    Ex. Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.
    Ex. Accordingly, the local library committee decided to levy a charge of 15 cents on each book borrowed, with suitable reductions for the elderly.
    Ex. An acquisitions file is intended to indicate the status of each title on order, together with information on its ordering (supplier, date etc., for whom it was ordered, and the heading or budget to which the cost is to be debited).
    ----
    * Algo por lo que se puede cobrar = billable.
    * cobrar comisión = charge + commission.
    * cobrar en un trabajo = job + pay.
    * cobrar fuerza = gather + strength, grow in + power, gain + strength.
    * cobrar fuerzas = gain + strength.
    * cobrar ímpetu = gain + momentum, gather + strength, gain + impetus.
    * cobrar importancia = assume + importance, take on + added weight, move up + the agenda, gain + importance, be on the agenda.
    * cobrar impulso = gain + strength.
    * cobrar intensidad = gather + momentum, gain + momentum, pick up + speed, gather + pace.
    * cobrar nuevo entusiasmo = develop + renewed enthusiasm.
    * cobrar relevancia = be on the agenda.
    * cobrarse = face + charges, be billable.
    * cobrarse la vida de Alguien = claim + life.
    * cobrarse muchas vidas = take + a heavy toll of life.
    * cobrar tarifa = charge + commission.
    * cobrar una cuota = charge + fee.
    * cobrar una factura = collect + payment, receive + payment.
    * cobrar una multa = charge + fine.
    * cobrar una pensión = draw + a pension.
    * cobrar un precio = charge + price.
    * cobrar velocidad = gather + momentum, gather + pace.
    * cobrar vida = come + alive, come to + life.
    * por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.
    * sin certeza de cobrar = on spec.
    * sin cobrar = free of charge, unredeemed, uncollected.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <precio/suma> to charge

    nos cobran 30.000 pesos de alquiler — they charge us o we pay 30,000 pesos in rent

    cobrar algo por algo/+ inf — to charge something for something/-ing

    b) < sueldo> to earn

    cobra 200.000 pesetas al mes — he earns 200,000 pesetas a month

    cobrar la pensión — to collect o draw one's pension

    2) < alquiler> to charge

    nos cobra un alquiler altísimo — he charges us o we pay him a very high rent

    ¿me cobra estas cervezas? — can I pay for these beers, please?

    3)
    a) < deuda> to recover
    b) < cheque> to cash
    4)
    a) (Chi) ( pedir)
    b) (Chi) <gol/falta> to give
    5)
    a) ( adquirir)
    b) ( tomar)
    6) ( en caza) ( matar) to shoot, bag
    7)
    a) (period) <vidas/víctimas> to claim
    b) < botín> to carry off
    c) (Náut) to haul in
    2.
    cobrar vi
    a)

    cobrar por algo/+ inf — to charge for something/-ing

    ¿me cobra, por favor? — can you take for this, please?, can I pay, please?

    llámame por cobrar — (Chi, Méx) call collect (AmE), reverse the charges (BrE)

    b) ( recibir el sueldo) to be paid
    c) (fam) ( recibir una paliza)
    3.
    cobrarse v pron

    tenga, cóbrese — here you are

    cóbrese las cervezas — can you take for the beers, please?

    2) < víctimas> to claim
    * * *
    = cash in, charge, exact + payment, levy + charge, debit.

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Ex: Information providers pay a fee to British Telecom, and may then charge users for each frame that they consult.
    Ex: Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.
    Ex: Accordingly, the local library committee decided to levy a charge of 15 cents on each book borrowed, with suitable reductions for the elderly.
    Ex: An acquisitions file is intended to indicate the status of each title on order, together with information on its ordering (supplier, date etc., for whom it was ordered, and the heading or budget to which the cost is to be debited).
    * Algo por lo que se puede cobrar = billable.
    * cobrar comisión = charge + commission.
    * cobrar en un trabajo = job + pay.
    * cobrar fuerza = gather + strength, grow in + power, gain + strength.
    * cobrar fuerzas = gain + strength.
    * cobrar ímpetu = gain + momentum, gather + strength, gain + impetus.
    * cobrar importancia = assume + importance, take on + added weight, move up + the agenda, gain + importance, be on the agenda.
    * cobrar impulso = gain + strength.
    * cobrar intensidad = gather + momentum, gain + momentum, pick up + speed, gather + pace.
    * cobrar nuevo entusiasmo = develop + renewed enthusiasm.
    * cobrar relevancia = be on the agenda.
    * cobrarse = face + charges, be billable.
    * cobrarse la vida de Alguien = claim + life.
    * cobrarse muchas vidas = take + a heavy toll of life.
    * cobrar tarifa = charge + commission.
    * cobrar una cuota = charge + fee.
    * cobrar una factura = collect + payment, receive + payment.
    * cobrar una multa = charge + fine.
    * cobrar una pensión = draw + a pension.
    * cobrar un precio = charge + price.
    * cobrar velocidad = gather + momentum, gather + pace.
    * cobrar vida = come + alive, come to + life.
    * por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.
    * sin certeza de cobrar = on spec.
    * sin cobrar = free of charge, unredeemed, uncollected.

    * * *
    cobrar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹precio/suma› to charge
    me cobró $1.000 she charged me $1,000
    nos cobran 30.000 pesos de alquiler they charge us o we pay 30,000 pesos in rent
    cobrar algo POR algo to charge sth FOR sth
    me cobró una barbaridad por la comida/por cambiar el aceite he charged me a ridiculous amount for the meal/for changing the oil
    cobran 500 pesos por kilómetro they charge 500 pesos per kilometer
    2 ‹sueldo/pensión›
    cobra 2.000 euros al mes y no hace nada he earns 2,000 euros a month and does nothing
    todavía no hemos cobrado la paga de junio we still haven't been paid for June
    cobra el sueldo por el banco his salary is paid straight into the bank
    todavía no ha ido a cobrar la pensión she still hasn't been to collect o draw her pension
    cobró el subsidio de desempleo durante seis meses he received unemployment benefit for six months
    B
    1 ‹alquiler/impuesto› to charge
    nos cobra un alquiler altísimo he charges us o we pay him a very high rent
    te cobrarán el IVA you will be charged sales tax/VAT
    no nos cobran la electricidad they don't charge us for electricity
    vino a cobrar el alquiler she came for the rent o to collect the rent
    el departamento que se encargará de cobrar el nuevo impuesto the department which will be responsible for the collection of the new tax
    2 ‹bebidas/fruta›
    ¿me cobras estas cervezas, por favor? can you take for these beers, please?, can I pay for these beers, please?
    se equivocó y me cobró el vino dos veces he made a mistake and charged me twice for the wine
    está cobrando las entradas he's taking the money for the tickets
    C
    1 ‹deuda› to recover
    vengo a cobrar esta factura I've come for payment of this bill
    nunca llegó a cobrar esas facturas he never received payment for those bills
    vino a cobrar la factura de la cocina she came to collect payment for the stove
    lo único que hago es cobrar deudas all I do is collect debts
    2 ‹cheque› to cash
    D
    ( Chi) (pedir): le cobré los libros que le presté I asked him to give back o return the books I'd lent him o I asked him for the books I'd lent him
    cobrarle la palabra a algn ( Chi fam); to hold sb to his/her/their word
    E
    ( Chi) ( Dep) (conceder) ‹gol/falta› to give, award; ( Per) (sacar) ‹tiro libre/pénal› to take
    F
    1
    (adquirir): cobrar importancia/fama to become important/famous
    las negociaciones cobraron un nuevo impulso the negotiations were given fresh impetus
    cobran especial relieve los trabajos del Instituto cuando … the work done by the Institute takes on special significance when …
    se detuvo a cobrar fuerzas he stopped to get his strength back
    cobró ánimos y fue a decírselo he plucked up the courage and went and told her
    2
    (tomar): cobrarle cariño a algn to grow fond of sb
    con el tiempo le fui cobrando cariño as time went by I grew fond of her
    cobrarle sentimientos a algn ( Chi); to be upset with sb
    1 (matar) to shoot, bag
    2 «perro» to retrieve
    H
    1 ( period); ‹vidas/víctimas› to claim
    2 ‹botín› to carry off
    3 ( Náut) to haul in
    ■ cobrar
    vi
    1
    (por un servicio, unas mercancías): vino el lechero a cobrar the milkman came to be paid
    ¿me cobra, por favor? can I have the check please?, can you take for this, please?, can I pay, please?
    llámame por cobrar (Chi, Méx); call collect ( AmE), reverse the charges ( BrE)
    2 (recibir el sueldo) to be paid
    llevamos dos meses sin cobrar we haven't been paid for two months
    3 ( fam)
    (recibir una paliza): ¡como no te estés quieto, vas a cobrar! if you don't keep still you're going to get it! ( colloq)
    A
    (recibir dinero): tenga, cóbrese here you are
    cóbrese las cervezas de aquí can you take for these beers?, can I pay for these beers?
    B ‹víctimas› to claim
    * * *

     

    cobrar ( conjugate cobrar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹precio/suma/intereses› to charge;

    ◊ nos cobran 30.000 pesos de alquiler they charge us 30,000 pesos in rent;

    cobrar algo por algo/hacer algo to charge sth for sth/doing sth;
    vino a cobrar el alquiler she came for the rent o to collect the rent;
    ¿me cobra estas cervezas? can I pay for these beers, please?;
    me cobró el vino dos veces he charged me twice for the wine
    b) ‹ sueldo› to earn;

    ‹ pensión› to draw;
    ◊ cobra 2.000 euros al mes he earns/draws 2,000 euros a month;

    todavía no hemos cobrado junio we still haven't been paid for June
    c) ‹ deuda› to recover;


    d) ‹ cheque› to cash

    2
    a) (Chi) ( pedir):


    b) (Chi) ‹gol/falta› to give

    3 ( adquirir) ‹ fuerzas› to gather;
    ◊ cobrar fama/importancia become famous/important

    4 (period) ‹vidas/víctimas› to claim
    verbo intransitivo
    a) cobrar por algo/hacer algo to charge for sth/doing sth;

    ◊ ¿me cobra, por favor? can you take for this, please?, can I pay, please?;

    llámame por cobrar (Chi, Méx) call collect (AmE), reverse the charges (BrE)

    cobrarse verbo pronominal

    ◊ tenga, cóbrese here you are;

    cóbrese las cervezas can you take for the beers, please?
    b) ( period) ‹vidas/víctimas› to claim

    cobrar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (pedir un precio) to charge
    (exigir el pago) to collect
    (recibir el pago de una deuda) to recover
    2 (un cheque, un billete de lotería) to cash
    (recibir el salario) to earn: aún no han cobrado el sueldo, they still haven't been paid their salary
    cobra un buen sueldo, he earns a good salary
    3 figurado (alcanzar, lograr) to gain, get: su proyecto cobra hoy importancia, today his project is becoming important
    cobrar ánimos, to take heart
    4 (empezar a sentir) cobrar afecto a alguien/algo, to become very fond of sb/sthg
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (exigir un pago) ¿me cobra, por favor? I'd like to pay now, please
    nunca me cobra, he never charges me
    2 (recibir el salario) to be paid
    3 fam (recibir una zurra) to catch it, get it
    ' cobrar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    clavar
    - llevar
    - tesorería
    - animar
    - hora
    - paro
    - pensión
    - soplar
    - tomar
    - velocidad
    English:
    arrears
    - carer
    - cash
    - cash in
    - charge
    - collect
    - draw
    - gather
    - momentum
    - overcharge
    - pay
    - receive
    - recover
    - retrieve
    - sting
    - undercharge
    - unpaid
    - check
    - claim
    - extra
    - going
    - levy
    - life
    - reverse
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. Com [dinero] to charge;
    [cheque] to cash; [deuda] to collect;
    cantidades por cobrar amounts due;
    ¿me cobra, por favor? how much do I owe you?;
    nos cobra 1.000 euros de alquiler al mes she charges us 1,000 euros rent a month, we pay her 1,000 euros rent a month;
    cobran 10 euros por página they charge 10 euros per page;
    te cobrarán un mínimo de 10 euros por arreglarte los zapatos it'll cost you at least 10 euros to get your shoes mended;
    me cobró 1.000 pesos de más he overcharged me by 1,000 pesos;
    me cobraron 200 pesos de menos they undercharged me by 200 pesos;
    nos cobró por adelantado we had to pay her in advance;
    no me cobraron impuestos they didn't charge me tax;
    cóbrelo todo junto put it all together, we'll pay for it all together;
    no nos cobró la mano de obra he didn't charge us for labour;
    le cobrarán en aquella ventanilla you can pay at that counter over there;
    el lechero vino a cobrar la factura mensual the milkman came with the monthly bill
    2. [un sueldo] to earn, to be paid;
    cobra un millón al año she earns a million a year;
    en junio cobraremos una prima we'll be paid a bonus in June;
    cobro mi pensión por el banco my pension is paid straight into the bank;
    está cobrando el paro he's receiving unemployment benefit;
    sobrevive cobrando diferentes subsidios she lives by claiming a number of different benefits;
    tengo que ir a cobrar la jubilación I have to go and draw my pension;
    no cobro nada, lo hago porque me gusta I don't get paid for it, I do it because I enjoy it
    3. [adquirir] to take on, to acquire;
    con su último disco ha cobrado fama universal with her latest record she has achieved worldwide fame o she has become a household name;
    cada día cobran más importancia los temas medioambientales the environment is an issue which is becoming more and more important o which is gaining in importance;
    cobró aliento y prosiguió la marcha he paused to get his breath back and continued walking;
    cobrar velocidad to gather o gain speed
    4. [sentir]
    cobrarle afecto o [m5]cariño a algo/alguien to take a liking to sth/sb;
    le cobró miedo al perro y no se atrevió a acercársele she got scared of the dog and didn't dare go near it
    5. [recuperar] to retrieve, to recover;
    las tropas cobraron el aeropuerto the troops regained control of the airport
    6. [en caza] [matar a tiros] to shoot;
    [recoger] to retrieve, to fetch;
    cobraron doscientas aves en un solo día they came back with two hundred birds in just one day
    7. CSur [señalar]
    el juez cobró penal/falta the referee gave a penalty/foul
    ♦ vi
    1. [en el trabajo] to get paid;
    cobrarás el día 5 de cada mes you'll be paid on the 5th of every month;
    llevan un año sin cobrar they haven't had any wages for a year;
    cobrar en efectivo to be o get paid (in) cash
    2. Fam [recibir una paliza]
    ¡vas a cobrar! you'll catch it!;
    el niño cobró por portarse mal the child got a beating for being naughty
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 charge
    2 subsidio, pensión receive; deuda collect; cheque cash
    3 salud, fuerzas recover
    4 importancia acquire
    II v/i
    1 be paid, get paid
    2
    :
    vas a cobrar fam ( recibir un palo) you’re going to get it! fam
    * * *
    cobrar vt
    1) : to charge
    2) : to collect, to draw, to earn
    3) : to acquire, to gain
    4) : to recover, to retrieve
    5) : to cash (a check)
    6) : to claim, to take (a life)
    7) : to shoot (game), to bag
    cobrar vi
    1) : to be paid
    2)
    llamar por cobrar Mex : to call collect
    * * *
    cobrar vb
    1. (recibir salario) to be paid / to earn
    ¿cuánto cobras? how much do you earn?
    3. (talón) to cash
    4. (fijar precio) to charge
    5. (recibir un golpe) to get a smack
    cobrar importancia to become important [pt. became; pp. become}]

    Spanish-English dictionary > cobrar

  • 4 componente

    adj.
    component, constituent.
    m.
    component (gen) & ( electricity and electronics).
    * * *
    1 component, constituent
    1 (pieza) component, constituent; (ingrediente) ingredient
    2 (miembro) member
    \
    * * *
    noun m.
    component, constituent
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ [gen] component, constituent
    2. SM
    1) (=miembro) member
    2) (=parte) (Quím) component; (Mec) part, component; (Culin) ingredient

    componentes lógicos — (Inform) software

    3) (Meteo)
    * * *
    I
    a) ( de sustancia) constituent (part), component (part); (de equipo, comisión) member
    b) (Tec) component
    II
    femenino (Fís) component
    * * *
    = component, constituent, element, ingredient, building block, token.
    Ex. The primary components in this area are place of publication, publisher's name and date of publication (that is, the date of edition).
    Ex. A kit is an item containing two or more categories of material, no one of which is identifiable as the predominant constituent of the item; also designated multimedia item.
    Ex. In order to support these three elements it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex. Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of a mixture, its ingredients.
    Ex. This article seeks to explain why current on-line products have, despite tremendous capitalisation, not yet achieved satisfactory returns, but have provided the necessary building blocks towards future products.
    Ex. In this case the data is the number of types, not tokens.
    ----
    * ajuste de la componente estacional = seasonal adjustment.
    * análisis de componentes principales = principal component(s) analysis.
    * componente alfa = alpha-component.
    * componente clave = key element, building block.
    * componente eléctrico = electrical part.
    * componente mecánico = mechanical part.
    * componentes del marketing, los = marketing mix, the.
    * * *
    I
    a) ( de sustancia) constituent (part), component (part); (de equipo, comisión) member
    b) (Tec) component
    II
    femenino (Fís) component
    * * *
    = component, constituent, element, ingredient, building block, token.

    Ex: The primary components in this area are place of publication, publisher's name and date of publication (that is, the date of edition).

    Ex: A kit is an item containing two or more categories of material, no one of which is identifiable as the predominant constituent of the item; also designated multimedia item.
    Ex: In order to support these three elements it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex: Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of a mixture, its ingredients.
    Ex: This article seeks to explain why current on-line products have, despite tremendous capitalisation, not yet achieved satisfactory returns, but have provided the necessary building blocks towards future products.
    Ex: In this case the data is the number of types, not tokens.
    * ajuste de la componente estacional = seasonal adjustment.
    * análisis de componentes principales = principal component(s) analysis.
    * componente alfa = alpha-component.
    * componente clave = key element, building block.
    * componente eléctrico = electrical part.
    * componente mecánico = mechanical part.
    * componentes del marketing, los = marketing mix, the.

    * * *
    ‹elemento› component ( before n), constituent ( before n)
    1 (de una sustancia) constituent, constituent part, component, component part; (de un equipo, una comisión) member
    2 ( Tec) component
    ( Fís) component
    * * *

    componente sustantivo masculino

    (de equipo, comisión) member
    b) (Tec) component

    componente
    I adjetivo component
    II mf (de un grupo, equipo) member
    III m (elemento, pieza) component
    (ingrediente) ingredient
    ' componente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    resistencia
    English:
    component
    - constituent
    - element
    - ingredient
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    component, constituent
    ♦ nm
    1. [pieza] component
    2. [de sustancia] constituent
    3. Gram component
    ♦ nmf
    [persona] member
    ♦ nf
    viento de componente este/sur easterly/southerly wind
    * * *
    m component;
    componentes de automóviles vehicle parts o components
    * * *
    componente adj & nm
    : component, constituent

    Spanish-English dictionary > componente

  • 5 amortizable

    adj.
    1 redeemable (finance) (bonds, stocks).
    2 amortizable, callable, amortisable, redeemable.
    * * *
    1 redeemable
    * * *
    * * *
    adjetivo redeemable
    * * *
    Ex. The shop may have its own 'Book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.
    ----
    * no amortizable = irredeemable.
    * * *
    adjetivo redeemable
    * * *

    Ex: The shop may have its own 'Book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.

    * no amortizable = irredeemable.

    * * *
    redeemable
    amortizables en tres años redeemable in three years
    * * *

    amortizable adjetivo
    redeemable
    * * *
    [bonos, acciones] redeemable;
    amortizable en el plazo de un año redeemable in one year
    * * *
    adj redeemable

    Spanish-English dictionary > amortizable

  • 6 canjeable

    adj.
    exchangeable.
    * * *
    1 exchangeable
    * * *
    ADJ [gen] exchangeable; (Econ) exchangeable for cash, cashable
    * * *
    adjetivo exchangeable
    * * *
    Ex. The shop may have its own 'Book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.
    ----
    * boleto canjeable = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * cupón canjeable = voucher.
    * cupón canjeable por alimentos = food stamp.
    * no canjeable = irredeemable.
    * vale canjeable = voucher.
    * vale canjeable por un libro = book token.
    * vale canjeable por un regalo = gift voucher.
    * * *
    adjetivo exchangeable
    * * *

    Ex: The shop may have its own 'Book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.

    * boleto canjeable = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * cupón canjeable = voucher.
    * cupón canjeable por alimentos = food stamp.
    * no canjeable = irredeemable.
    * vale canjeable = voucher.
    * vale canjeable por un libro = book token.
    * vale canjeable por un regalo = gift voucher.

    * * *
    exchangeable
    este cupón es canjeable por un regalo this coupon can be exchanged for a gift
    * * *
    exchangeable;
    * * *
    adj exchangeable ( por for)

    Spanish-English dictionary > canjeable

  • 7 canjear

    v.
    1 to exchange.
    2 to interchange, to exchange, to barter, to change.
    * * *
    1 to exchange
    * * *
    VT [+ prisioneros] to exchange; [+ cupón] to cash in
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) <prisioneros/rehenes> to exchange
    b) (Fin) to exchange, trade
    * * *
    = cash in, barter.
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Learn how valuable knowledge is acquired, created, bought and bartered'.
    ----
    * canjear un cupón = redeem + voucher.
    * canjear un vale = redeem + voucher.
    * sin canjear = unredeemed.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) <prisioneros/rehenes> to exchange
    b) (Fin) to exchange, trade
    * * *
    = cash in, barter.

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Ex: The article is entitled 'Learn how valuable knowledge is acquired, created, bought and bartered'.
    * canjear un cupón = redeem + voucher.
    * canjear un vale = redeem + voucher.
    * sin canjear = unredeemed.

    * * *
    canjear [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹prisioneros/rehenes› to exchange
    2 ( Fin) to exchange, trade
    * * *

    canjear ( conjugate canjear) verbo transitivo
    to exchange
    canjear verbo transitivo to exchange
    ' canjear' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cambiar
    English:
    barter
    - cash in
    - exchange
    - interchange
    - redeem
    - swap for
    - trade
    - cash
    * * *
    [objeto] to exchange; [vale, cupón] to redeem;
    si no le gusta, lo puede canjear por otro del mismo precio if you don't like it, you can change it for another one of the same price
    * * *
    v/t exchange ( por for)
    * * *
    intercambiar: to exchange, to trade

    Spanish-English dictionary > canjear

  • 8 ficha

    f.
    1 (index) card (tarjeta).
    ficha policial police record
    ficha técnica (technical) specifications
    2 ticket.
    3 token.
    4 counter.
    5 contract (sport) (contrato).
    6 card (computing).
    ficha perforada perforated card
    7 chip, piece, token.
    8 fiche.
    9 index card, card, file card, filing card.
    10 checker, chequer.
    11 record card.
    12 scoundrel, rat.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: fichar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: fichar.
    * * *
    1 (tarjeta) index card, file card
    3 (en juegos) counter; (naipes) chip; (ajedrez) piece, man; (dominó) domino
    4 (de un deportista) signing-on fee
    \
    ficha policial police record
    ficha técnica technical specifications plural 2 (de película) credits plural
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) file, record
    2) chip, counter
    * * *
    SF
    1) [en juegos] counter; [en casino] chip; (Telec) token
    2) (=tarjeta) card; [de archivo] index card, record card; [en hotel] registration form

    ficha policial — police dossier, police record

    ficha técnica — (TV) (list of) credits

    3) CAm, Caribe five-cent piece; CAm * (=moneda) coin
    4) Méx [de botella] flat bottle cap
    5) And
    (tb: mala ficha) rogue, villain
    6) (Dep) signing-on fee
    * * *
    1) ( para datos) card; ( de fichero) index card
    2)
    a) (de teléfono, estacionamiento) token
    b) (Jueg) ( de dominó) domino; ( de damas) checker(AmE), draught (BrE); ( de otros juegos de mesa) counter; (de ruleta, póker) chip
    3) (Dep) ( contrato) signing-on fee; ( pago) contract
    4) (AmL fam) ( persona de cuidado) rat (colloq)
    * * *
    = index card, token, card.
    Ex. Aperture cards, where the full text of the document is kept in a special index card in the form of a microfiche, have been used for various collections of, for instance, patents and technical drawings.
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. The most convenient manual format for recording terms is to write each term on a card.
    ----
    * área de numeración de la ficha = card counter area.
    * auxiliar dedicado a la ordenación de fichas = filing clerk.
    * basado en fichas = card-based.
    * catálogo de fichas = card catalogue, card index.
    * cuerpo de la ficha = body of the card.
    * de fichas = card-based.
    * ficha anotada = annotated card.
    * ficha básica = basic-entry card.
    * ficha Batten = Batten card.
    * ficha catalográfica = catalogue card.
    * ficha comentada = annotated card.
    * ficha de almacenamiento marginal = marginal storage card.
    * ficha de borde perforado = edge notch card.
    * ficha de coincidencia óptica = Batten card, optical coincidence card, Peek-a-boo card.
    * ficha de dígito terminal = terminal digit card.
    * ficha de empalme = electrical connector.
    * ficha de juego = playing piece.
    * ficha del lector = borrower record.
    * ficha de número de registro = accessions card.
    * ficha deportiva = sport(s) card.
    * ficha de préstamo del libro = book card [bookcard].
    * ficha de referencia = reference entry, reference card.
    * ficha de término = term card.
    * ficha de trabajo = worksheet, project worksheet.
    * ficha de tres por cinco pulgadas = three-by-five card.
    * ficha de unitérminos = uniterm card.
    * ficha de ventanilla = aperture card.
    * ficha modelo = form.
    * ficha peek-a-boo = Peek-a-boo card.
    * ficha perforada = punched card.
    * ficha principal = main entry card.
    * ficha secundaria = added entry card.
    * ficha unitérmino de número de registro = accessions card.
    * índices postcoordinados de fichas = card based post-coordinate index.
    * insertar aguja en un paquete de fichas = needling the pack.
    * intercalación de fichas = filing.
    * juego de fichas = card set, deck of cards.
    * ordenación de fichas = filing.
    * Reglas de la ALA para la Intercalación de Fichas de Catálogo = ALA Rules for Filing Catalog Cards.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * * *
    1) ( para datos) card; ( de fichero) index card
    2)
    a) (de teléfono, estacionamiento) token
    b) (Jueg) ( de dominó) domino; ( de damas) checker(AmE), draught (BrE); ( de otros juegos de mesa) counter; (de ruleta, póker) chip
    3) (Dep) ( contrato) signing-on fee; ( pago) contract
    4) (AmL fam) ( persona de cuidado) rat (colloq)
    * * *
    = index card, token, card.

    Ex: Aperture cards, where the full text of the document is kept in a special index card in the form of a microfiche, have been used for various collections of, for instance, patents and technical drawings.

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex: The most convenient manual format for recording terms is to write each term on a card.
    * área de numeración de la ficha = card counter area.
    * auxiliar dedicado a la ordenación de fichas = filing clerk.
    * basado en fichas = card-based.
    * catálogo de fichas = card catalogue, card index.
    * cuerpo de la ficha = body of the card.
    * de fichas = card-based.
    * ficha anotada = annotated card.
    * ficha básica = basic-entry card.
    * ficha Batten = Batten card.
    * ficha catalográfica = catalogue card.
    * ficha comentada = annotated card.
    * ficha de almacenamiento marginal = marginal storage card.
    * ficha de borde perforado = edge notch card.
    * ficha de coincidencia óptica = Batten card, optical coincidence card, Peek-a-boo card.
    * ficha de dígito terminal = terminal digit card.
    * ficha de empalme = electrical connector.
    * ficha de juego = playing piece.
    * ficha del lector = borrower record.
    * ficha de número de registro = accessions card.
    * ficha deportiva = sport(s) card.
    * ficha de préstamo del libro = book card [bookcard].
    * ficha de referencia = reference entry, reference card.
    * ficha de término = term card.
    * ficha de trabajo = worksheet, project worksheet.
    * ficha de tres por cinco pulgadas = three-by-five card.
    * ficha de unitérminos = uniterm card.
    * ficha de ventanilla = aperture card.
    * ficha modelo = form.
    * ficha peek-a-boo = Peek-a-boo card.
    * ficha perforada = punched card.
    * ficha principal = main entry card.
    * ficha secundaria = added entry card.
    * ficha unitérmino de número de registro = accessions card.
    * índices postcoordinados de fichas = card based post-coordinate index.
    * insertar aguja en un paquete de fichas = needling the pack.
    * intercalación de fichas = filing.
    * juego de fichas = card set, deck of cards.
    * ordenación de fichas = filing.
    * Reglas de la ALA para la Intercalación de Fichas de Catálogo = ALA Rules for Filing Catalog Cards.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.

    * * *
    A (para datos) index card
    la policía le abrió ficha the police opened a file on him
    Compuestos:
    property details
    medical records (pl)
    police record
    technical specifications (pl)
    B
    1 (de teléfono, estacionamiento) token
    introducir la ficha por la ranura insert the token in the slot
    2 ( Jueg) (de dominó) domino; (de damas) checker ( AmE), draught ( BrE); (de otros juegos de mesa) counter; (de ruleta, póker) chip
    C ( Dep) (contrato) signing-on fee; (pago) contract
    ¡qué ficha resultó ser el novio de Alicia! Alicia's fiancé turned out to be a real rat o ( BrE) a really nasty piece of work! ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo fichar: ( conjugate fichar)

    ficha es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    ficha    
    fichar
    ficha sustantivo femenino
    1 ( para datos) card;
    ( de fichero) index card;

    ficha policial police record
    2
    a) (de teléfono, estacionamiento) token

    b) (Jueg) ( de dominó) domino;

    ( de damas) checker(AmE), draught (BrE);
    ( de otros juegos de mesa) counter;
    (de ruleta, póker) chip
    fichar ( conjugate fichar) verbo transitivo

    b) [equipo/club] to sign (up)

    verbo intransitivo (en fábrica, oficina — a la entrada) to clock in, punch in (AmE);
    (— a la salida) to clock out o (BrE) off, to punch out (AmE)
    ficha sustantivo femenino
    1 (tarjeta de cartón) filing card
    ficha técnica, (de un ordenador, etc) specifications pl, technical data
    (de un libro, disco, película) credits pl
    2 (de un juego de mesa, parchís) counter
    (de dominó) domino
    3 (de guardarropa) number
    4 (en el casino) chip
    5 (de un futbolista, etc) signing-on fee, contract
    fichar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una información) to put on file
    (la policía) to record
    2 Dep to sign up
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (en un empleo) (la entrada) to clock in
    (la salida) to clock out
    2 Dep to sign
    ' ficha' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    referencia
    - sacar
    - adelantar
    - correr
    - dominó
    - encabezamiento
    - mover
    - rin
    English:
    card
    - chip
    - counter
    - domino
    - dossier
    - man
    - piece
    - token
    - transfer fee
    - file
    - go
    - index
    - peg
    - record
    * * *
    ficha nf
    1. [tarjeta] (index) card;
    [con detalles personales] file, record card;
    rellene esta ficha con sus datos fill in your details on this card
    ficha policial police record;
    ficha técnica [de producto] (technical) specifications;
    [de película] credits
    2. [de guardarropa, aparcamiento] token
    3. [de teléfono] token
    4. [de juego] counter;
    [de dominó] domino; [de ajedrez, damas] piece; [de ruleta] chip
    5. Dep [contrato] contract
    ficha de traspaso transfer fee
    6. Informát card
    ficha perforada perforated card
    7. Comp
    Am Fam
    ser buena ficha to be a Br nasty o US real piece of work
    * * *
    f
    1 file card, index card
    2 en juegos de mesa counter; en un casino chip; en damas checker, Br
    draught; en ajedrez man, piece
    3 TELEC token
    4 L.Am.
    ser una ficha fam be tough o
    formidable
    * * *
    ficha nf
    1) : index card
    2) : file, record
    3) : token
    4) : domino, checker, counter, poker chip
    * * *
    1. (tarjeta) card
    2. (en juegos) counter
    3. (en dominó) domino
    4. (informe) file / record

    Spanish-English dictionary > ficha

  • 9 hacer efectivo

    v.
    1 to give effect to, to make good, to carry out, to formalize.
    La corte hizo efectivo el arresto The court gave effect to the arrest.
    2 to cash, to encash, to cash in.
    El banco hizo efectivo el cheque The bank cashed the check.
    * * *
    (v.) = cash in
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    * * *
    (v.) = cash in

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hacer efectivo

  • 10 reutilizar

    v.
    1 to reuse.
    2 to repurpose.
    * * *
    1 to reuse
    * * *
    * * *
    = reuse [re-use], reutilise [reutilize, -USA].
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. The project was launched to help make copyright content more 'active' by ensuring that it can be reutilised with a minimum of transactional effort.
    * * *
    = reuse [re-use], reutilise [reutilize, -USA].

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Ex: The project was launched to help make copyright content more 'active' by ensuring that it can be reutilised with a minimum of transactional effort.

    * * *
    reutilizar [A4 ]
    vt
    reutilize
    * * *

    reutilizar ( conjugate reutilizar) verbo transitivo
    to reuse
    ' reutilizar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    rework
    - reuse
    * * *
    to reuse
    * * *
    v/t re-use
    * * *
    reutilizar {21} vt
    : to recycle, to reuse

    Spanish-English dictionary > reutilizar

  • 11 tarifa plana

    * * *
    = flat rate, flat fee, fixed rate pricing
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. Dialog has published plans for calculating flat fee annual subscriptions = Dialog ha publicado planes para calcular las suscripciones anuales con tarifa plana.
    Ex. A shift away from connect time based pricing to fixed rate pricing is inevitable = Es inevitable el abandono de las tarifas calculadas según el tiempo de conexión y se adopten las tarfijas planas.
    * * *
    * * *
    = flat rate, flat fee, fixed rate pricing

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Ex: Dialog has published plans for calculating flat fee annual subscriptions = Dialog ha publicado planes para calcular las suscripciones anuales con tarifa plana.
    Ex: A shift away from connect time based pricing to fixed rate pricing is inevitable = Es inevitable el abandono de las tarifas calculadas según el tiempo de conexión y se adopten las tarfijas planas.

    * * *
    flat rate

    Spanish-English dictionary > tarifa plana

  • 12 tarifa única

    f.
    single rate, joint rate, flat rate, all-commodity rate.
    * * *
    (n.) = flat rate, fixed charge
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. The author criticizes the pricing level of the service with its fixed charge of 600 dollars per year.
    * * *
    (n.) = flat rate, fixed charge

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Ex: The author criticizes the pricing level of the service with its fixed charge of 600 dollars per year.

    * * *
    flat rate

    Spanish-English dictionary > tarifa única

  • 13 vale

    m.
    1 coupon, voucher (bono).
    vale de comida luncheon voucher
    vale de regalo gift token
    2 free ticket (entrada gratuita).
    3 receipt (comprobante).
    4 IOU.
    5 pal(informal). (Mexican Spanish, Venezuelan Spanish)
    6 buddy, mate, pal, chum.
    7 Vale.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: valer.
    * * *
    1 (comprobante) voucher; (recibo) receipt
    2 (pagaré) IOU, promissory note
    1 familiar OK!
    \
    vale de devolución credit note
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    I
    SM
    (Econ) (=pagaré) promissory note frm, IOU *; (=recibo) receipt; (=cuenta) bill, check (EEUU); (=cupón) voucher, chit

    vale de regalo — gift voucher, gift certificate (EEUU)

    II
    *
    EXCL ( Esp) OK, sure valer 2., 8) III
    *
    SM (LAm) (=amigo) pal *, chum, buddy (EEUU)

    ser vale con algn — (And) to be pals with sb *

    vale corrido — (Caribe) old crony

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( para adquirir algo) voucher; ( por devolución) credit note o slip
    b) ( pagaré) IOU
    2) (Per) ( apuesta) tb
    II
    * * *
    = okay, token, coupon, okeydokey! [okidoki].
    Ex. Okay, Wops are not Wops, they're Italians.
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex. Payment by coupons, nationally and internationally, can be helpful.
    Ex. Try a search for ' okeydokey' in these online resources.
    ----
    * canjear un vale = redeem + voucher.
    * vale canjeable = voucher, gift certificate.
    * vale canjeable por un libro = book token.
    * vale canjeable por un regalo = gift voucher.
    * vale de descuento = coupon.
    * vale de regalo = gift certificate.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( para adquirir algo) voucher; ( por devolución) credit note o slip
    b) ( pagaré) IOU
    2) (Per) ( apuesta) tb
    II
    * * *
    = okay, token, coupon, okeydokey! [okidoki].

    Ex: Okay, Wops are not Wops, they're Italians.

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    Ex: Payment by coupons, nationally and internationally, can be helpful.
    Ex: Try a search for ' okeydokey' in these online resources.
    * canjear un vale = redeem + voucher.
    * vale canjeable = voucher, gift certificate.
    * vale canjeable por un libro = book token.
    * vale canjeable por un regalo = gift voucher.
    * vale de descuento = coupon.
    * vale de regalo = gift certificate.

    * * *
    A
    1 (para adquirir algo) voucher; (por una devolución) credit note o slip
    un vale de descuento a money-off coupon
    2 (pagaré) IOU
    B
    ver valer vi D. (↑ valer)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo valer: ( conjugate valer)

    vale es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    vale    
    valer
    vale sustantivo masculino

    ( por devolución) credit note o slip;

    b) ( pagaré) IOU

    ■ interjección ver valer verbo intransitivo 4
    valer ( conjugate valer) verbo transitivo
    1 ( tener un valor de) to be worth;
    ( costar) to cost;

    2 (+ me/te/le etc) ( ganar):
    ◊ esta obra le valió un premio this play earned o won her a prize

    verbo intransitivo
    1 (+ compl) ( tener cierto valor) to be worth;
    ( costar) to cost;
    ◊ vale más, pero es mejor it costs more but it's better;

    cada cupón vale por un regalo each voucher is worth a gift
    2 ( tener valor no material):

    como profesor no vale (nada) as a teacher he's useless;
    vales tanto como él you're as good as he is;
    hacerse vale to assert oneself;
    hacer vale algo ‹ derecho› to assert o enforce sth
    3 ( servir):
    ◊ esta no vale, es muy ancha this one's no good, it's too wide;

    no le valió de nada protestar protesting got him nowhere;
    no vale para algo to be useless o no good at sth
    4
    ◊ vale (Esp fam)


    ◊ ¿a las ocho? — ¡vale! at eight o'clock? — sure o fine o OK?;

    ¿vale? OK?, all right?
    b) ( basta):

    ◊ ¿vale así? is that OK o enough?

    5
    ◊ más vale: más vale así it's better that way;

    más te vale ir you'd better go
    6
    a) ( ser válido) [entrada/pasaporte] to be valid;

    [jugada/partido] to count

    ◊ eso no vale, estás haciendo trampa that's not fair, you're cheating;

    no vale mirar you're not allowed to look
    7 (Méx fam)


    b) ( no tener valor) to be useless o no good (colloq)



    valerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( servirse) valese de algo/algn to use sth/sb
    2 [anciano/enfermo]:

    3 (estar permitido, ser correcto):

    ¡no se vale! that's not fair!
    vale
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (bono, papeleta canjeable) voucher
    2 (compromiso de pago, pagaré) promissory note, IOU
    II exclamación all right, OK ➣ Ver nota en all right
    valer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (tener precio, costar) to cost
    2 (tener valor) to be worth ➣ Ver nota en worth
    3 (ser causa o motivo de) to earn: el suspenso le valió una reprimenda, he was told off for failing
    4 (merecer) to be worth: vale la pena leerlo, it is worth reading
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (ser meritorio) es una mujer que vale mucho, she is a fine woman
    2 (ser útil, capaz) vale para rastrillar hojas, it is used to rake up leaves
    no vale para estudiar, he is no good at studying
    de nada vale quejarse, it is useless to complain
    3 (ropa, zapatos) to fit: ya no me vale, it doesn't fit me anymore
    ' vale' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bono
    - buena
    - bueno
    - indistintamente
    - potosí
    - prevenir
    - punto
    - tarde
    - valer
    - valle
    - vencida
    - vencido
    - céntimo
    - cupón
    - hombre
    - madre
    - malo
    - maña
    - pájaro
    - pena
    - talón
    English:
    all right
    - best
    - better
    - bird
    - book token
    - by
    - coupon
    - debenture
    - devil
    - enough
    - fine
    - gift certificate
    - gift token
    - gift voucher
    - go
    - go for
    - hassle
    - hopeless
    - may
    - OK
    - okay
    - raincheck
    - right
    - strength
    - token
    - trading stamp
    - try
    - up to
    - voucher
    - warrant
    - weight
    - well
    - worth
    - worthwhile
    - book
    - count
    - damn
    - effort
    - gift
    - good
    - late
    - safe
    - stock
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [bono, cupón] coupon, voucher
    vale de compra [por devolución] credit note; [como premio] (gift) voucher;
    vale de descuento discount coupon o voucher;
    vale de regalo gift token
    2. [comprobante] receipt
    3. [pagaré] IOU
    4. [entrada gratuita] free ticket
    ♦ interj
    Esp
    1. [de acuerdo] O.K.!, all right!;
    ¿quieres un helado? – ¡vale! do you want an ice cream? – O.K. o all right!;
    por mí, vale it's fine o O.K. by me;
    ¿vale? O.K.?, all right?;
    tú te quedas aquí, ¿vale? you stay here, right?
    2. [basta]
    ¡vale (ya)! that's enough!;
    ¿vale así o [m5] vale con eso o quieres un poco más? is that enough or do you want a bit more?
    vale2 nm
    Méx, Ven Fam [amigo] pal, Br mate, US buddy
    * * *
    m voucher, coupon;
    vale de comida lunch voucher
    * * *
    vale nm
    1) : voucher
    2) pagaré: promissary note, IOU
    * * *
    vale1 interj OK / all right
    ¡vale!, nos vemos a las cinco OK! I'll see you at 5.00pm
    iremos juntos, ¿vale? we'll go together, all right?
    vale2 n voucher
    por la compra de dos kilos, te dan un vale por valor de 100 pesetas if you buy two kilos, they give you a 100 peseta voucher

    Spanish-English dictionary > vale

  • 14 vale canjeable por un libro

    (n.) = book token
    Ex. The shop may have its own ' book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.
    * * *
    (n.) = book token

    Ex: The shop may have its own ' book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.

    Spanish-English dictionary > vale canjeable por un libro

  • 15 vale canjeable por un regalo

    (n.) = gift voucher
    Ex. The shop may have its own 'Book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.
    * * *

    Ex: The shop may have its own 'Book tokens' -- gift vouchers that people can buy and which are redeemable only at the school bookshop.

    Spanish-English dictionary > vale canjeable por un regalo

  • 16 volver a usar

    (v.) = reuse [re-use]
    Ex. They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.
    * * *
    (v.) = reuse [re-use]

    Ex: They have implemented a voluntary system for libraries of charging for photocopies with flat-rate 5 franc tokens, which can either be re-used by the recipient or cashed in for 4 francs.

    Spanish-English dictionary > volver a usar

  • 17 Gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Gratia

  • 18 gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratia

  • 19 pignus

    pignus, ŏris and ĕris (old form in plur.:

    pignosa pignora eodem modo quo valesii, auselii... dicebantur,

    Fest. p. 213 Müll.), n. [root pac-, of pango; cf. paciscor], a pledge, gage, pawn, security, mortgage (of persons as well as things).
    I.
    Lit.:

    opponere se pigneri,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 85:

    ager oppositus est pignori,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56:

    servus, quem hic reliqueram Pignus pro me,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 19:

    quo facto pignore animos centurionum devinxit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 39:

    rem alicujus pignori accipere,

    Tac. H. 3, 65:

    pignora apud se deposita persequi et vindicare,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 26, 4:

    sub pignoribus mutuas pecunias accipere,

    Dig. 13, 7, 12:

    habere aliquid pignori,

    ib. 20, 4, 2:

    liberare pignus a creditore,

    ib. 20, 4, 4:

    pignoribus cavere alicui,

    ib. 43, 3, 2: aurum [p. 1376] pignori apud aliquem ponere, ib. 13, 7, 27:

    viginti milia faenus pignoribus positis,

    income from mortgages, Juv. 9, 141.—Esp., of the security for the payment of his fine, which was taken by the consul of a senator who failed to attend in the Senate:

    pignus auferre,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4: pignoribus terreri, Crass. ib.; so,

    senatores pignoribus cogere,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

    pignora capere,

    Liv. 3, 38, 12;

    of hostages,

    id. 33, 22:

    marium pignora,

    male hostages, Suet. Aug. 21: pignus praetorium, the security which the prœtor took as a guarantee for the preservation of a thing when he put it in the possession of a creditor, or fidei commissarius, Dig. 13, 7, 26; 41, 5, 12.—
    2.
    Esp., in phrases.
    (α).
    Pignus capere, to take a pledge or security for payment:

    certis verbis pignus capiebatur,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 29; 26 al.—
    (β).
    Pignora capere, to issue execution, make seizure of property:

    Vettium, pignoribus captis, cojecit in carcerem,

    Suet. Caes. 17:

    eorum, qui debita confessi sunt, pignora capi et distrahi possunt,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 5 A, 4:

    per vim debitoris sui pignora, cum non haberet obligata, capere,

    id. ib. 5, 26, 4.—
    (γ).
    Pignoris capio, a proceeding by which the summary collection of certain debts was secured, Gai. Inst. 4, 26 (v. Sandars ad Just. Inst. introd. § 96).—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The object of a wager, a wager, stake:

    da pignus, ni ea sit filia,

    lay a wager, bet, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 34; so id. ib. 36:

    cum illo dare,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:

    pignore certare cum aliquo,

    Verg. E. 3, 31:

    quovis pignore contendere,

    to lay any wager, bet any thing, Cat. 44, 4:

    et quaerit posito pignore vincat uter,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 168:

    in quodvis pignus vocare, ni, etc.,

    Gell. 5, 4, 2:

    ponere pignus cum aliquo de re aliquā,

    Val. Max. 4, 3, 3.—
    2.
    A contract in which security is given, Dig. 13, 7, 1; 20, 6, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    A pledge, token, assurance, proof:

    magnum pignus ab eo rei publicae datum, se, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 4:

    pignora voluntatis,

    id. Cael. 32, 78:

    injuriae,

    id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    societatis,

    Tac. H. 4, 61:

    sceleris,

    id. ib. 4, 57:

    imperii,

    id. ib. 3, 72:

    reconciliatae gratiae pignus,

    Curt. 6, 7, 35:

    pignora da, genitor, per quae tua vera propago Credar,

    sure tokens, Ov. M. 2, 38; 5, 247; 7, 497:

    in vultu pignora mentis habet,

    id. A. A. 2, 378:

    digito pignus fortasse dedisti,

    i. e. a ring, Juv. 6, 27.—
    B.
    Concr.
    1.
    Children, parents, brothers and sisters, relatives, as pledges of love (only after the Aug. period):

    nunc tibi commendo communia pignora, natos,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 73; Ov. M. 11, 543:

    prolemque gemellam Pignora bina dedi,

    id. H. 6, 121:

    tot natos natasque et pignora cara nepotes,

    id. M. 3, 134:

    ascita pignora,

    Stat. S. 2, 1, 86:

    pignora conjugum ac liberorum,

    Liv. 2, 1, 5:

    obsecratio illa judicum, per carissima pignora, utique, si et reo sint liberi, conjux, parentes, utilis erit,

    Quint. 6, 1, 33:

    habens filiam, uxorem, nepotem, sorores, interque tot pignora veros amicos,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3; Tac. A. 12, 2:

    proxima pignora,

    id. ib. 15, 36:

    ne in conjugem, in familiam, in cetera pignora ejus saeviret,

    id. ib. 16, 26; id. G. 7:

    frangi aspectu pignorum suorum,

    id. Agr. 38.—Hence, in gen.,
    2.
    Any thing especially valuable or dear:

    si quis post pignera tanta Pompeio locus est,

    Luc. 7, 376.—
    3.
    Poet. transf., a graft, scion, Pall. Insit. 109.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pignus

  • 20 σύμβολον

    A tally, i.e. each of two halves or corresponding pieces of an ἀστράγαλος or other object, which two ξένοι, or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the identity of the presenter of the other,

    ἀποδεικνύντες τὰ σ. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα Hdt.6.86

    .

    β; ξένοις τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί σ' εὖ E.Med. 613

     (cf. Sch.); διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶς ὡσπερεὶ τὰ ς. Eub.70; ὡς σ. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία] Arist.EE 1239b31; ζητεῖ.. τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος ς. Pl.Smp. 191d;

    καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλων Arist.Mete. 360a26

    , cf. GA 722b11, Pol. 1294a35; ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸς ἄλληλα complementary factors, Id.GC 331a24; ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπως ἂν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ. IG22.141.19.
    b of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. Pseud. 55 (hence ς. = signet-ring, Plin.HN33.10); an extant bronze hand is inscribed

    σ. πρὸς Οὐελαυνίους IG14.2432

     ([place name] Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum, ii B.C., where the word does not occur).
    2 any token serving as proof of identity,

    ἔλαβε σ. παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου φιάλην χρυσῆν Lys.19.25

    ; πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν.. εὐπορήσειν διὰ τὸ ς. ibid.; ὡς ἔγνω.. τὰ παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ς. X.Cyr.6.1.46; τὰ μητρὸς ς. E. Ion 1386, cf. Hel. 291, El. 577, Com.Adesp.17.16 D., D.S.4.59, Plu.Thes.6; ἰδοὺ τὰ ς. here are my credentials, Arr.Epict.1.16.11, cf. 3.22.99, 4.8.20; ἔχοντες σ. σαφὲς λύπης bearing clear credentials (consisting) of (a common) grief, S.Ph. 403, cf. Aristid.1.416 J.
    3 guarantee,

    σ. τῆς παιδεύσεως πιστότατον Isoc.4.49

    ;

    σ. ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ [ἡ ἐπιστολή] ἐστι Pl.Ep. 360a

    , cf. 363b;

    σ. τῆς σωτηρίας D.15.4

    ;

    σ. τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους Epicur.Sent.31

    .
    4 token, esp. of goodwill,

    χρυσίον σ. φιλίας καὶ ξενίας Plu.Pyrrh.20

    , cf. Art.18;

    χρυσοῦν στέφανον ἔλαβον σ. περιέχοντα τῆς ὑμετέρας πρός με εὐσεβείας PLond.3.1178.13

     (ii A.D.).
    5 identity- token given to Athenian dicasts on entering the courts, entitling them to vote, and on presenting which they received another ς., in exchange for which they received their fee, Ar.Pl. 278, D.18.210, Arist.Ath.65.2, 68.2, Poll.8.16; also in the ecclesia, Ar.Ec. 297 (lyr.); διάδοσις τῶν ς. IG2.1749.76: extant theatre-tokens (without the word ς.) in IG5(2).323 (Mantinea, iv B.C.).
    6 at Rome, = tessera, token entitling the bearer to a donation of corn or money, D.C.49.43.
    II of written documents,
    1 passport or the seal thereon, Ar.Av. 1214 (cf. Sch.); ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ ς. Aen.Tact.10.8: metaph., Arr.Epict.3.12.15.
    2 passenger-list, ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ.. πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ ς. Luc.Cat.4.
    3 pl., treaty between two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sts. for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.));

    εἰσὶ.. αὐτοῖς συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ σ. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν Arist.Pol. 1280a39

    ;

    σ. ποιήσασθαι πρὸς πόλιν D.7.11

    , cf. And.4.18;

    τὰ σ. συγχέων D.21.173

    ; ἀπὸ συμβόλων δικάζεσθαι, κοινωνεῖν, Antipho 5.78, Arist.Pol. 1275a10;

    αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι Id.Ath.59.6

    ; cf.

    συμβολή 111

    : sg. in same sense, Foed. Delph.Pell.1 A 7 (also written συββ- ib. 1 B 10, al.);

    ἡ κατὰ τὸ σ. δικαιοδοσία πρός τινα Plb.23.1.2

    , cf. 32.7.3; κατὰ τὸ ς. IG12(7).67.48 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion, ii B.C.); κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ ς. GDI5040.70 ([place name] Crete).
    4 contract between individuals, PCair.Zen.724.7,13, 790.2 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.212 (ii B.C.), 52.10 (ii B.C.); αἰσχρὰ κακοῖς ἔργοις σ. θηκάμενοι forming disgraceful compacts (sealed) by evil deeds, Thgn.1150;

    τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳ App.BC2.132

    .
    5 receipt, sts. made out in duplicate,

    σ. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμένα PSI4.324.4

     (iii B.C.), cf. PRev.Laws52.19 (iii B.C.), UPZ25.25, 26.16 (ii B.C.);

    τὸ σ. τῆς ἀποχῆς PCair.Zen. 144.2

     (iii B.C.);

    σ. ἀποχῆς PEnteux.73.4

     (iii B.C.);

    σύμβολον ποιήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτόν PLille 4.18

     (iii B.C.), cf. PHib.1.67.16 (iii B.C.);

    σ. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα BGU1741.10

     (i B.C.); receipt for a pledged article, PCair. Zen.120.3 (iii B.C.).
    b fee for making out a receipt, PRyl.192.10 (ii A.D.), BGU1605.13 (ii A.D.), etc.
    6 unilateral undertaking in writing, guarantee, PPetr.3p.164 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), UPZ 112 ii 1 (ii B.C.).
    7 warrant entitling the holder to draw allowances over a period,

    τοῦ κθ ἔτους τὸ σ. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σύνταξον γράψαι PSI5.504.8

     (iii B.C.); σ. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά (bequeathed) PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.); σφράγισαι τὸ ς. PCair.Zen.375.11 (iii B.C.), cf. PSI4.349.2,7 (iii B.C.), UPZ14.89 (ii B.C.);

    τὰ σ. τῶν σιταρχιῶν BGU1755.5

     (i B.C.).
    8 warrant or commission from the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, Cod.Just.1.5.12.1, 11; σ. τριβούνου ib.12.33.8 Intr.
    III more generally, token, φυλάσσω λαμπάδος τὸ ς. the beacon- token, A.Ag.8; τέκμαρ τοιοῦτο σ. τέ σοι λέγω ib. 315; μανθάνω τὸ ς. E.Or. 1130, cf.Rh. 220; clue, S.OT 221; χειμῶνος ς. a sign of an approaching storm, Anaxag. 19, Sch.Arat.832;

    νόμισμα σ. τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἕνεκα γενήσεται Pl.R. 371b

    ;

    ἔστι τὰ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων σ., καὶ τὰ γραφόμενα τῶν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ Arist.Int. 16a4

    , cf. 24b2, Sens. 437a15; τὰ τεχνητὰ τῶν ς. Plu.Per.6; νίκης σ. Ἰσθμιάδος, of the celery-wreath, Call.Fr. 103; τὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων ς. legionary standards, Hdn.4.7.7; insignia of deities, D.H.8.38;

    τῆς βασιλείας Plu.

    Comp.Cim. Luc.3; εἰράνας σ. καὶ πολέμον, of a trumpet, AP6.151 (Tymn.).
    2 omen, portent, Archil.44, A.Ag. 144 (lyr.);

    σ. δ' οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιος ἐσσομένας εὗρεν θεόθεν Pi.O.12.7

     (cf. Sch.); οἱ διὰ συμβόλων.. προλέγοντες distd. from other kinds of μάντεις, Gal. 15.442;

    περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ σ. καὶ διοσημιῶν Iamb.VP13.62

    ;= auspicium, Gloss.; ἐν τοῖς λικμητηρίοις γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰς σ. εὐτροφίας Sch.Arat.268.
    3 Medic., symptom, Gal.19.217, Aret.CD1.4, al.
    5 secret code,

    τὰ μυστικὰ σ. τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες Plu.2.611d

    , cf. Orph.Fr.31.23; consisting of a signum and a responsum, Firm. De Errore 18; τὰ σ. [Πυθαγόρου] Arist.Fr. 197, Plu.2.727c; περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν ς., title of a work by Androcydes, Iamb.VP28.145; secret sign, γράψαι τι σ. ἐν πίνακι,.. μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ ς. ib.33.238, cf. 23.103, 32.227, Luc.Laps.5; allegory, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.256, 257, Demetr. Eloc. 243;

    διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν Ph.2.559

    , cf. 1.681, al., Dam.Pr. 210.
    IV pl., standard weights, IG22.1013.8.
    V a small coin, perh. a half-obol, shaped D, Hermipp.61, Ar.Fr.44, Archipp. 8: hence σύμβολον κεκαρμένος with half the head shaved, Hermipp.14.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύμβολον

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